[76] Others point to the political motives of the Umayyad dynasty which led to the sanctification of Jerusalem in Islam. [43][44][45] On 29 September, the Israeli government deployed 2,000 riot police to the mosque. The outer arches added by the Mamluks follow the same general design. [53] The facade consists of fourteen stone arches,[5][dubious – discuss] most of which are of a Romanesque style. Post-Rashidun-era Islamic scholars traditionally identified the mosque as the site referred to in the sura (Quranic chapter) al-Isra ("the Night Journey"). [61], In Islam, the term "al-Aqsa Mosque" refers to the entire Noble Sanctuary. Ismail Haniya—then Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas leader—called on Palestinians to unite to protest the excavations, while Fatah said they would end their ceasefire with Israel. [19] In 1969, the dome was reconstructed in concrete and covered with anodized aluminium, instead of the original ribbed lead enamel work sheeting. [12] In Islamic tradition, the original sanctuary is believed to date to the time of Abraham.[13]. Israel has long sought to change the status of the Al Aqsa complex. [20][23] Al-Mahdi's renovation is the first known to have written records describing it. A second earthquake damaged most of al-Mansur's repairs, excluding those made in the southern portion in 774. THE AL-AQSA MOSQUE IS BEHIND THE DOME OF THE ROCK. Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) - … Sometimes the restrictions are enforced on the occasion of Friday prayers,[85][86] other times they are over an extended period of time. However, Arculf visited Palestine during the reign of Mu'awiyah I, and it is possible that Mu'awiyah ordered the construction, not Umar. The new mosque, containing the tomb of Muhammad, is one of the three holiest places of Islam. The restrictions already cause serious congestion and tension at checkpoints between the West Bank and Jerusalem, where tens of thousands must pass through security checks to enter Jerusalem to pray. Palestinians in Jerusalem, who number around 400,000, hold only permanent residency status, not citizenship, despite being born there – in contrast with Jews who are born in the city. [2], The covered mosque building was originally a small prayer house erected by Umar, the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, but was rebuilt and expanded by the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik and finished by his son al-Walid in 705. [5][6], Although in its narrowest sense, the term "Al-Aqsa" refers to the silver-domed mosque on the southern side of the Temple Mount plaza, it has often been used to specify the entire area—including the mosque, along with the Dome of the Rock, the Gates of the Temple Mount, and the four minarets. [54], The minbar of the mosque was built by a craftsman named Akhtarini from Aleppo on the orders of the Zengid sultan Nur ad-Din. New (Double, Single, Tanners')Al-Mawazin, Location within the Old City of Jerusalem. Jews believe the compound is where the Biblical Jewish temples once stood, but Jewish law and the Israeli Rabbinate forbid Jews from entering the compound and praying there, as it is considered too holy to tread upon. It is equally part of the al-Haram al-Sharif, or the Noble Sanctuary, however, with the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa mosque above it. Mount, which in effect would turn the entire complex into the Haram al-Sharif ("the Noble Sanctuary"), Abd al-Malik wanted to replace the slipshod structure described by Arculf with a more sheltered structure enclosing the qibla ("direction"), a necessary element in his grand scheme. Den var ursprungligen uppförd av trä men ersattes av en moské i sten av kalif Abd al-Malik efter färdigställandet av den närbelägna Klippdomen och var klar omkring 705. Over the weekend, Palestinian medics said dozens of Palestinians were wounded in confrontations with security forces at the Al-Aqsa mosque compound and in other parts of the city. Immediately after this conversation, Umar began to clean up the site—which was filled with trash and debris—with his cloak, and other Muslim followers imitated him until the site was clean. 2008. pp. Golden 5. Here’s a breakdown of why the al-Aqsa Mosque compound in Jerusalem is a constant point of contention in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. [77], Later medieval scripts, as well as modern-day political tracts, tend to classify al-Aqsa Mosque as the third holiest site in Islam. [51] It was built by the Rashidun caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab in 637 CE. [42] According to UNESCO's special envoy to Jerusalem Oleg Grabar, buildings and structures on the Temple Mount are deteriorating due mostly to disputes between the Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian governments over who is actually responsible for the site. Both Christianity and Islam are very wide spread religions in the world which have a great impact on the lives of their believers especially spiritually. Muslims believe that Muhammad was transported from the Great Mosque of Mecca to al-Aqsa during the Night Journey. [59] In the 20th-century, al-Kas was provided taps and stone seating. After the 1969 arson attack, the waqf employed architects, technicians and craftsmen in a committee that carry out regular maintenance operations. Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until the 16th or 17th month after his migration from Mecca to Medina, when Allah directed him to turn towards the Kaaba in Mecca. Some activities included refurbishing abandoned structures and renovating. {{ Name = Haram Al Sheriff Leadership = Jordanian Waqf Board }} Al-Aqsa Mosque ("The Farthest Mosque") is a mosque, or a place where Muslims go to worship, and it is in Baitulmaqdis. Sharon’s entrance to the compound unleashed the Second Intifada, in which more than 3,000 Palestinians and some 1,000 Israelis were killed. It was first built in 709 by the Umayyads, but in 1327–28 Governor Tankiz enlarged it to accommodate more worshipers. [66][67][68], The historical significance of the al-Aqsa Mosque in Islam is further emphasized by the fact that Muslims turned towards al-Aqsa when they prayed for a period of 16 or 17 months after migration to Medina in 624; it thus became the qibla ("direction") that Muslims faced for prayer. And, since 1967, Israel has embarked on a quiet deportation of the city’s Palestinians by imposing difficult conditions for them to maintain their residency status. [25], Jerusalem was captured by the Crusaders in 1099, during the First Crusade. [91], In February 2007, the Department started to excavate a site for archaeological remains in a location where the government wanted to rebuild a collapsed pedestrian bridge leading to the Mughrabi Gate, the only entrance for non-Muslims into the Temple Mount complex. Today, the Old City is under Israeli control, but the mosque remains under the administration of the Jordanian/Palestinian-led Islamic Waqf. In 1980, Israel passed a law that declared Jerusalem the “complete and united” capital of Israel, in violation of international law. Tensions have risen after Israel shut down al-Aqsa Mosque compound for the first time since 1969, after a deadly gun battle between Palestinian citizens of Israel and Israeli forces. The name refers to a chapter of the Quran called Al-Isrā' (Arabic: ٱلْإِسْـرَاء‎), "The Night Journey"), in which it is said that Muhammad travelled from Mecca to "the farthest mosque", and then up to Heaven on a heavenly creature called al-Burāq ash-Sharīf (Arabic: ٱلْـبُـرَاق الـشَّـرِيْـف‎). [19], According to several Muslim scholars, including Mujir ad-Din, al-Suyuti, and al-Muqaddasi, the mosque was reconstructed and expanded by the caliph Abd al-Malik in 690 along with the Dome of the Rock. How much he modified the aspect of the earlier building is unknown, but the length of the new building is indicated by the existence of traces of a bridge leading from the Umayyad palace just south of the western part of the complex. On 21 August 1969, a fire was started by a visitor from Australia named Denis Michael Rohan.
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