L'émirat de Transjordanie (إمارة شرق الأردن Imārāt Sharq al-Urdun) était un protectorat britannique créé en à la suite des accords passés pendant la Première Guerre mondiale avec les princes arabes dont fait partie la dynastie hachémite (Grande révolte arabe de 1916-1918). Dans le chapitre « L'émirat de Transjordanie (1914-1921) » : […] Lorsque se précisent les menaces de guerre, la Grande-Bretagne saisit tout l'intérêt qu'elle peut tirer, sur les plans militaire et politique, de cette fièvre nationaliste qui agite alors les Arabes sous domination ottomane. À sa création, elle compte 100 soldats sous les ordres de cinq officiers britanniques. The agreement was ratified by their respective governments on 9 and 16 May 1916. Né en mars 1921, l’émirat de Transjordanie, au-delà du fleuve Jourdain, est détaché de la Palestine historique et placé sous mandat britannique. Despite this, Jordan was not a full member of the United Nations until 14 December 1955. Britain recognized Transjordan as an independent government on 15 May 1923, and gradually relinquished control, limiting its oversight to financial, military and foreign policy matters. The U.S. State Department also received a legal argument from Rabbis Wise and Silver objecting to the independence of Transjordan. [20], After the French ended the Kingdom of Syria at the battle of Maysalun, Transjordan became, for a short time, a no man's land[5][13] or, as Samuel put it, "..left politically derelict". 10, p. 161, Agreement between his Britannic Majesty and His Highness the Amir of Trans-Jordan, February 1928, See League of Nations, Official Journal, 1928, p. 1574, See 1919 Foreign Relations, vol. It was further provided in the application of the Mandate to Transjordan that the action which in Palestine is taken by the Administration of Palestine will be taken by the Administration of Transjordan under the general supervision of the Mandatory. This page was last edited on 6 April 2020, at 20:15. Quelques jours après l'armistice, le 1er décembre 1918, Georges Clémenceau céda la Palestine et Mossoul aux Britanniques[9]. Après la Première Guerre mondiale, les impérialismes britannique et français avaient mis la main sur les territoires relevant précédemment de l’empire ottoman. Il est attribué à Abdallah, second fils du chérif Hussein qui organisa au profit des Britanniques la révolte arabe contre l'empire ottoman en échange d'un royaume arabe qui ne verra jamais le jour. The newly appointed central administration was mainly staffed by Arab nationalist exiles. Jordan originally fell under the rule of King Faisal, son of Sharif Hussein and the principal military leader of the Arab Revolt. Sous l'administration de l'Empire ottoman, aucune entité administrative ne portait le nom de Transjordanie[1]. Shortly after the war, the French ceded Palestine and Mosul to the British. Un Article De Wikipédia, L'Encyclopédie Libre. [44][45], The southern border between Transjordan and Arabia was considered strategic for Transjordan in order to avoid being landlocked, with intended access to the sea via the Port of Aqaba. The local leaders were reassured that Transjordan would not come under Palestinian administration and that there would be no disarmament or conscription. (Archives du gouvernement britannique). More importantly, the resurrection of the Reserve Force, later renamed the Arab Legion, allowed for this success. Indeed, this situation could be changed only with the agreement of the Council of the League of Nations, with the consent of the Government of the United States, a signatory of the Franco-American Convention of 4 April 1924". There was no Ottoman district known as Transjordan, there were the districts Ajlun, al-Balqa, al-Karak and Ma'an. L'essentiel du territoire faisait partie du vilayet de Syrie, partagé entre les sandjaks de Hauran et de Ma'an[2]. Né en mars 1921, l'émirat de Transjordanie, au-delà du fleuve Jourdain, est détaché de la Palestine historique et placé sous mandat britannique. Transjordanie et cisjordanie. Après la conférence du Caire de 1921, le contrôle du territoire est transféré à Abdallah Ier, troisième fils de Hussein ben Ali, chérif de La Mecque, sous la surveillance d'un représentant britannique. L'émirat de Transjordanie (arabe : إمارة شرق الأردن Imārāt Sharq al-Urdun) était un protectorat britannique (1921-1946) créé en avril 1921 à la suite d'accords passés pendant la Première Guerre mondiale avec les princes arabes de la dynastie hachémite en échange de leur révolte contre les Ottomans. Wilson notes that the letter was written to refute Weizmann's 1 March 1921 letter to Churchill, Alon writes: "Abdullah accepted Churchill's offer and returned to Amman to organise his new rule. Le mot Transjordanie peut désigner : la région de Transjordanie, à l'est de la vallée du Jourdain ; l'émirat hachémite de Transjordanie, qui exista de 1921 à 1946 ; la Jordanie actuelle, parfois mentionnée sous ce terme. Int'l L. (1929) 212. [53], France transferred the District of Ramtha from Syria in 1921. Il est attribué à Abdallah, second fils du chérif Hussein qui organisa au profit des Britanniques la révolte arabe contre l'empire ottoman en échange d'un royaume arabe qui ne verra jamais le jour. En 1921, le nombre de soldats passe à 1000. [69], According to the U.S. State Department Digest of International Law, the status of the mandate was not altered by the agreement between the United Kingdom and the Emirate concluded on 20 February 1928[70] which recognized the existence of an independent government in Transjordan and defined and limited its powers. Un émirat ou principauté en français [réf. During the eleventh session of the League of Nations' Permanent Mandates Commission in 1927, Sir John Shuckburgh summarised the status of Transjordan: It is not part of Palestine but it is part of the area administered by the British Government under the authority of the Palestine Mandate. Le royaume hachémite doit son existence aux turbulences provoquées par l'effondrement de l'empire ottoman et à l'instauration du mandat britannique en Palestine au début du XXe siècle. The ratifications were exchanged on 31 October 1929. Martin Sicker, (1999) Reshaping Palestine: From Muhammad Ali to the British Mandate, 1831–1922 p 158. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKlieman1970 (, Palestine Papers, 1917–1922, Doreen Ingrams, George Braziller 1973 Edition, pages 116–117. [82], Transjordan applied for membership of the United Nations on 26 June 1946. Finalement, en 1921, la Grande-Bretagne a déclaré un mandat sur la région, créant l' émirat de Transjordanie , sous le règne semi-autonome de l' émir (et futur roi) Abdallah Ier . Following Curzon's instruction Samuel set up a meeting with Transjordanian leaders where he presented British plans for the territory. Liste des héritiers des trônes transjordanien et jordanien Émirat de Transjordanie. La frontière sud entre la Transjordanie et l'Arabie était considérée comme stratégique pour la Transjordanie afin d'éviter d'être enclavée , avec un accès prévu à la mer via le port d'Aqaba . Lord Curzon in August 1921: "His Majesty's Government are already treating 'Trans-Jordania' as separate from the Damascus State, while at the same time avoiding any definite connection between it and Palestine, thus leaving the way open for the establishment there, should it become advisable, of some form of independent Arab government, perhaps by arrangement with King Hussein or other Arab chiefs concerned. De la création de l'émirat de Transjordanie il y a 100 ans à la crise de ces derniers jours au sein de la monarchie, rappel des dates-clés du royaume hachémite. In a discussion regarding the southern boundary, the Egyptian aspiration to acquire the Negev area was presented. The Near East and Africa, Volume V, Page 603, Abdullah entered the region in November 1920, Timeline of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, British Mandate for Palestine (legal instrument), administered by OETA East (later the Arab Kingdom of Syria, and then Mandatory Transjordan) and claimed by the Kingdom of Hejaz, Empires of the sand: the struggle for mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923, By Efraim Karsh, Inari Karsh, "The Impact of Ottoman Reforms:Tanzimat, administrative boundaries and Ottoman cadastre", "The Hashemites and the Creation of Transjordan Nadine Méouchy Norig Neveu and Myriam Ababsa", "Amir Abdullah's Bodyguard on Camels with Red, Green and White Standard at Far Left", "Jordan – History – The Making of Transjordan", "Mandate for Palestine – Report of the Mandatory to the League of Nations (31 December 1924)". Droit d'auteur : les textes des articles sont disponibles sous, Le contenu de cet article n'est qu'une copie de l'. [26] Without facing opposition Abdullah and his army had effectively occupied most of Transjordan by March 1921.[27][28]. His government maintained law and order, improved tax-collection, opened new schools and clinics, built roads, established telegraph and post office services and created sharci and civil courts. This page was last edited on 29 April 2021, at 01:01. The inhabitants of northern Transjordan had traditionally associated with Syria, and those of southern Transjordan with the Arabian Peninsula. (pg 49); Thus, in the summer of 1922, the government managed to gain the submission of the settled and semi-settled tribes. XIII, Paris Peace Conference (1947), p. 100, League of Nations, Official Journal, 1928, p. 1574. « This accord depended on the fulfilment of Arab national claims by the Peace Conference and also on the Palestinian Arabs’ compliance. History of Jordan refers to the history of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the background period of the Emirate of Transjordan under British protectorate as well as the general history of the … [51], The location of the Eastern border between Transjordan and Iraq was considered strategic with respect to the proposed construction of what became the Kirkuk–Haifa oil pipeline. Philby claimed that Emir Abdullah had his father's permission to negotiate over the future of the sanjak of Ma'an, which was actually ruled by him, and that he could therefore 'afford to concede' the area west of the Arava in favour of Palestine. [78] Le prince Nayef est le sixième et dernier enfant du prince Asem, issu du second mariage de son père, avec Sana Kalimat. L'émirat est officiellement placé sous mandat britannique par la S.D.N. en septembre 1922. nécessaire] (en arabe : إمارة imārah) est un territoire uni politiquement qui est gouverné par un émir (ou prince en français [réf. 1921 : Proclamation de l'Emirat de Transjordanie. L'émirat De Transjordanie télécharger png sans restrictions - Le Groupe Emirates Airline Airbus A380 Écossais Junior Cup - L'émirat de Transjordanie,L'émirat de Transjordanie Empire Ottoman Royaume de l'Irak Révolte Arabe - de la mer morte,Royal Jordanian Armée des Forces Armées Jordaniennes de l'Émirat de Transjordanie - l'armée In default of this assumption Trans-Jordan would be left, under article 132 of the Treaty of Sèvres, to the disposal of the principal Allied Powers. The Palestine Order in Council, 1922, which established the legal basis for the Mandatory Government in Palestine, explicitly excluded Transjordan from its application apart from giving the High Commissioner some discretionary power there. إمارة شرق الأردن Imārat Sharq al-Urdun . XIII, Paris Peace Conference (1947), p. 100. En 1925, le gouvernement de l’émirat obtient les pouvoirs administratifs et législatifs, même si la Grande-Bretagne contrôle la diplomatie et la défense de la Transjordanie. Le contenu est disponible sous licence CC BY-SA 3.0 sauf mention contraire. Assisted by the British army officer T. E. Lawrence, the Sharif of Mecca Hussein bin Ali led the successful revolt which contributed to the Ottoman defeat and breaking up of its empire. In 1918 the British Foreign Office noted the Arab position East of the Jordan, Biger wrote: "At the beginning of 1918, soon after the southern part of Palestine was conquered, the Foreign Office determined that Faisal’s authority over the area that he controls on the Eastern side of the Jordan river should be recognized. 4 relations: Émirat de Transjordanie, Cisjordanie, Institut français de Jordanie, Jordanie. On 11 April 1921 he formed his first government. Agrandi du port de Aqaba (1925), il est fermé aux établissements sionistes. 24. Transjordan became nominally independent, although the British still maintained a military presence and control of foreign affairs and retained some financial control over the kingdom. Cet article porte sur le protectorat britannique de 1921-1946. Émirat de Transjordanie Pour les articles homonymes, voir Transjordanie . If they wish to assert their claim to Trans-Jordan and to avoid raising with other Powers the legal status of that area, they can only do so by proceeding upon the assumption that Trans-Jordan forms part of the area covered by the Palestine Mandate. [87], This article is about the 1921–46 British protectorate. Aussi, à la fin de la guerre, Abdallah réclame aux Anglais l’indépendance de son pays. Official Gazette of the Government of Palestine, Extraordinary Issue, September 1, 1922, pages 11 and 16; sfn error: no target: CITEREFLeatherdale1983 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmadouny2012 (, The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann, Series A, Vol. His Majesty's Government are responsible under the terms of the Mandate for establishing in Palestine a national home for the Jewish people. After the Ottoman defeat in World War I, the Transjordan region was administered within OETA East; after British withdrawal this became the Hashemite-ruled Arab Kingdom of Syria, administering an area broadly comprising the areas of the modern countries of Syria and Jordan. L' émirat de Transjordanie ( arabe : إمارة شرق الأردن Imārāt Sharq al-Urdun) était un protectorat britannique (1921-1946) créé en avril 1921 à la suite d'accords passés pendant la Première Guerre mondiale avec les princes arabes de la dynastie hachémite en échange de leur révolte contre les Ottomans . The Hashemite dynasty ruled the protectorate, as well as the neighbouring Mandatory Iraq and, until 1925, the Kingdom of Hejaz to the south. 1 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963) 631, See Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers, 1941. The earlier proclamation of the independence of Syria and Lebanon had said "the independence and sovereignty of Syria and Lebanon will not affect the juridical situation as it results from the Mandate Act. In 1946 the Emirate of Transjordan became a kingdom with 'Amman as its capital, the seat of government and the commercial, legal and administrative centre of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. [52] This followed a proposal from Lawrence in January 1922 that Transjordan be extended to include Wadi Sirhan as far south as al-Jauf, in order to protect Britain's route to India and contain Ibn Saud. L' émirat de Transjordanie (arabe : إمارة شرق الأردن Imārāt Sharq al-Urdun) était un protectorat britannique (1921-1946) créé en avril 1921 à la suite d'accords passés pendant la Première Guerre mondiale avec les princes arabes de la dynastie hachémite en échange de leur révolte contre les Ottomans La Transjordanie, région marginale dans l'économie du Proche-Orient, commence … Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands).
Ministre De La Défense Algérie 2020, Track And Trace Bpost Recommandé, Nerve Ganzer Film Deutsch, Palm Springs Floride, Alain Mapr 5, Perte Blanche Et Douleur Bas Ventre Grossesse, Liban Carte Continent, Mosquée Ouverte Aujourd'hui, Crise De Nerf Que Faire, Year Million Review, Collège Haffreingue Prix, Adresse Mail Technip Fmc, Not My Jam Origin,