The Egyptians were unable to advance further,[165] and Egyptian armored attacks on October 9 and 10 were repulsed with heavy losses. Attacks on SAM sites punched a hole in the Egyptian anti-aircraft screen and enabled the IAF to strike Egyptian ground targets more aggressively. [255] Efforts had been made to improve the Israeli defensive position. Most heavy fighting on the Egyptian front ended by October 26, but clashes along the ceasefire lines and a few airstrikes on the Third Army took place. A new government was seated in June and Yitzhak Rabin, who had spent most of the war as an advisor to Elazar in an unofficial capacity, became Prime Minister.[464]. Israeli 1st Infantry Brigade elements warned 7th Armored Brigade of the danger. During the night of October 6/7 it beat off an attack of the Syrian 78th Armoured Brigade, attached to the 7th Infantry Division. The Israeli blockade was enforced by naval vessels based at Sharm el-Sheikh and the Sinai coast facing the Gulf of Suez. An airborne command post was set up in the southern Soviet Union, and several air force units were also alerted. Sadat hoped that by inflicting even a limited defeat on the Israelis, the status quo could be altered. There were no Israeli casualties. [363], During the last week of the war, Egyptian frogmen carried out three or four raids on Eilat. In addition, the Museum of the October 6 War was built in 1989 in the Heliopolis district of Cairo. Some 1,500 Egyptian prisoners were taken, and about a hundred Egyptian soldiers assembled just south of Adabiya, where they held out against the Israelis. [324], The original Syrian offensive plan Al-Aouda ("The Return"), devised by Major-General Adul Habeisi, had emphasized the element of tactical surprise. Info. [216], Several minutes before the ceasefire came into effect, three Scud missiles were fired at Israeli targets by either Egyptian forces or Soviet personnel in Egypt. Two days later, Egyptian signals intelligence intercepted plans for a counterattack by the 162nd Armored Divisions. "[99], On the night of September 25, Hussein secretly flew to Tel Aviv to warn Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir of an impending Syrian attack. The IDF’s Centurion tanks—later joined by M48 Patton, and even M4 Shermans from World War II, upgraded with powerful 105-millimeter L7 guns—were mostly equally matched with the Soviet T-55 and T-62 tanks barreling towards them, benefiting only from a modestly better fire control, and ramp-like earthworks for cover. First, it was assumed correctly that Syria would not go to war with Israel unless Egypt did so as well. The main guns of Soviet tanks could only depress 4 degrees. [257] During night attacks, however, the Syrian tanks had the advantage of active-illumination infrared night-vision equipment, which was not a standard Israeli equipment (instead, some Israeli tanks were fitted with large xenon searchlights which were useful in illuminating and locating enemy positions, troops and vehicles). Shuttle diplomacy by Henry Kissinger eventually produced a disengagement agreement on May 31, 1974, based on exchange of prisoners-of-war, Israeli withdrawal to the Purple Line and the establishment of a UN buffer zone. The Israelis immediately followed the Egyptian failed attack of October 14 with a multidivisional counterattack through the gap between the Egyptian Second and Third Armies. On the morning of October 17, the force was attacked by the 23rd Egyptian Armored Brigade, but managed to repulse the attack. These officials cited the ongoing Soviet re-supply effort and Sadat's early rejection of a ceasefire as the primary motivators. After three days, Israel had mobilized most of its forces and halted the Egyptian offensive, resulting in a military stalemate. Son armée ne compte pas moins de 1 500 chars, 222 bombardiers et près de 300 000 hommes. Henry Kissinger believed that the regional balance of power hinged on maintaining Israel's military dominance over Arab countries, and that an Arab victory in the region would strengthen Soviet influence. It resembled a proposal independently made by Moshe Dayan. Once the crossing was secured, engineers began erecting pontoon bridges to allow tanks and the first of over 200,000 Egyptian troops. About noon on October 25, Kissinger appeared before the press at the State Department. Shmuel Gonen had demanded Sharon capture the position, and Sharon had reluctantly ordered the attack. [466] He was given a quick hearing and sentenced to death; his execution was immediate. We were now dealing with a well-trained enemy, fighting with skill and dedication.". [318] The 82nd TB company that had reinforced the center, commanded by Eli Geva, had the previous evening destroyed about thirty Syrian tanks. The reality of the situation became apparent when the superpowers met in Oslo and agreed to maintain the status quo. It now successfully crossed the axis of 9th ID to the north. On October 21, one of Sharon's brigades was occupying the city's outskirts, but facing fierce resistance from Egyptian paratroopers and commandos. From a distance of 4 km (2+1⁄2 mi), they shelled and destroyed the SAMs, allowing the IAF to provide Adan with close air support. Between October 10 and 13, both sides refrained from any large-scale actions, and the situation was relatively stable. Some Egyptian helicopters were shot down, and those commando forces that managed to land were quickly destroyed by Israeli troops. [183] The offensive was code-named Operation Stouthearted Men or alternatively, Operation Valiant. [203][204] On October 19, one of Sharon's brigades continued to push the Egyptian paratroopers north towards Ismailia until the Israelis were within 8 or 10 km (5 or 6 mi) of the city. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Directorate of Military Intelligence's (abbreviated as "Aman") Research Department was responsible for formulating Israel's intelligence estimate. Once again they were beaten. According to Chernyaev, on November 4, 1973, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev said: We have offered them (the Arabs) a sensible way for so many years. 'I think they [Egypt] would cooperate. [54] The Sunday Times Insight Team notes Arab aircraft losses of 450. After Meir had made her decision, at 10:15 am, she met with American ambassador Kenneth Keating in order to inform the United States that Israel did not intend to preemptively start a war, and asked that American efforts be directed at preventing war. "It is not reasonable to become engaged in a war with the United States because of Egypt and Syria," said Premier Alexei Kosygin, while KGB chief Yuri Andropov added that "We shall not unleash the Third World War. This was followed by a second attack by elements of two Israeli brigades, which had communication and coordination problems. [451], Arab casualties were known to be much higher than Israel's, though precise figures are difficult to ascertain as Egypt and Syria never disclosed official figures. A number of Israeli soldiers taken prisoner on Mount Hermon were executed. [229] According to Trevor N. Dupuy, the Israelis, Soviets and Americans overestimated the vulnerability of the Third Army at the time. Two subsequent Egyptian counterattacks were also beaten back. The operation disrupted the flow of weapons and troops to Syria. Tôt le matin du 23 octobre 1973, Arye David se trouve sur une colline des hauteurs du Golan, à proximité de l’imposant mont Hermon. The IAF had just made a successful start with Operation Tagar, a very complex plan to neutralise the Egyptian AA-missile belt. [283] Parts of the 75th Mechanised Infantry Battalion had been concentrated at Hushniya, but they did not consist of its two organic tank companies; they were M-113 units. In the evening of October 6, it was considered to send this brigade to the Sinai instead but this option was abandoned after the Syrian breakthrough. [312] Of the initially arriving reserves, the 71 MIB was used to block an advance by the westernmost elements of the Syrian 9th Infantry Division towards the Bnot Yaacov Bridge, the crucial connection between Galilee and Nafah. As Israeli F-4 Phantoms and A-4 Skyhawks winged towards the frontline, SA-6 missiles began plucking them from the sky—leading to the loss of 34 Skyhawks in the first four days of the war. Though Israeli forces had hammered the batteries during the War of Attrition, the Egyptians finally completed a deadly integrated air defense system following the ceasefire. [136], Under cover of the initial artillery barrage, the Egyptian assault force of 32,000 infantry began crossing the canal in twelve waves at five separate crossing areas, from 14:05 to 17:30, in what became known as The Crossing. However, Israeli fighters did trounce opposing MiGs and Sukhois in air-to-air combat, eventually shooting down two to three hundred opposing fighters for around five losses. Just hours before the attack began, orders went out for a partial call-up of the Israeli reserves. An IDF D9 bulldozer supported by infantry forced its way to the peak. [254] Eventually, his deputy, Israel Tal, ordered the entire 7th Armored Brigade to be brought up. El-Qantarah was completely cleared by the next morning. [225], Israeli armor and paratroopers also entered Suez in an attempt to capture the city, but they were confronted by Egyptian soldiers and hastily raised local militia forces. Notwithstanding Abba Eban's (Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1967) insistence that this was indeed the case, there seems to be no solid evidence to corroborate his claim. [398] American C-141 Starlifter and C-5 Galaxy aircraft flew 567 missions throughout the airlift. [392] Anecdotal evidence suggests that Kissinger told Sadat that the reason for the U.S. airlift was that the Israelis were close to "going nuclear". From this the commander of 452st TB, Major Farouk Ismail, concluded that he had been ambushed by a strong Israeli tank unit and concentrated his remaining vehicles in a defensive position at Hushniya. In the attacks some civilians were injured, mostly lightly and damage was made to property. [147], Egyptian forces advanced approximately .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}4 to 5 km (2+1⁄2 to 3 mi) into the Sinai Desert with two armies (both corps-sized by western standards, included the 2nd Infantry Division in the northern Second Army). There would be no preemptive strike. Most of the large equipment arrived after the ceasefire. According to George Friedman, the war gave the Israelis increased respect for the Egyptian military and decreased their confidence in their own, and caused the Israelis to be uncertain whether they could defeat Egypt in the event of another war. Some 293 Israelis were captured. It then overran the Israeli supply compound at the Hushniya cross-roads. The two forward infantry brigades, with an organic tank battalion, of each of the three infantry divisions then crossed the cease-fire lines, bypassing United Nations observer posts. The Syrians prepared for a massive counteroffensive to drive Israeli forces out of Syria, scheduled for October 23. In addition to its forces in Syria, Iraq sent a single Hawker Hunter squadron to Egypt. The Egyptian Army put great effort into finding a quick and effective way of breaching the Israeli defenses. [49][453], Arab tank losses amounted to 2,250[52][454] though Garwych cites a figure of 2,300. The heaviest air battles took place over the northern Nile Delta, where the Israelis repeatedly attempted to destroy Egyptian airbases. During the late evening of October 7, he would successfully break out to the west. 200 avions de combat frappent brutalement le dispositif de Tsahal dans la zone du canal de Suez et dans le sud du Sinaï. Further details are unavailable and may remain classified. They had double superiority in tanks and aircraft, triple in artillery, and in air defense and anti-tank weapons they had absolute supremacy. This latter brigade was earmarked for the 240th Ugda, a division to be held in reserve. The Israeli High Command spent all of October 10 debating well into the night. The Israeli leadership already believed that if an attack took place, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) could repel it.
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