With mediation by Algerian President Houari Boumediene, Iran and Iraq reached a comprehensive settlement in March 1975 known as the Algiers Pact. The second most important political PUK figure, Nawshirwan Mustafa, was the founder of Gorran, who took advantage of sentiments among many PUK politicians critical of the cooperation with the KDP. [69] In the early 18th century, it briefly passed to the Iranian Afsharids led by Nader Shah. Eva Savelsberg, Siamend Hajo, Irene Dulz. [74] Qasim ignored the Kurdish demands and continued his planning for war. In response to the attack, Qasim lashed out and ordered the Iraqi Air Force to indiscriminately bomb Kurdish villages, which ultimately served to rally the entire Kurdish population to Barzani's standard. [42][43][44][45][46] Tukulti-Ninurta I in 13rd century BCE finally conquered the whole region and appointed one of his commanders as the governor of the villages and towns of Kurda. CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in North Iraq, forcibly displaced and culturally Arabized, United Nations Security Council Resolution 688, 2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum, "عێراقی دوای سەددام و چارەنووسی باشووری کوردستان". [38] [39][40][41], In 16th century BCE the Mitannians incorporated the region into their Hurrian empire. For the parts of, Insurgency and first elections (1975–1992), Nascent autonomy, war and political turmoil (1992–2009), ISIL and rapprochement with Iraq (after 2014), The written language of the Iraqi Turkmen is based on, In the shadow of the war on ISIS: Thefts & confiscations of Assyrian lands and villages by the KRG, Kurds taking over Assyrian lands with English subtitles, 2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum, diplomatic presence in the Kurdistan Region, British International Schools in Kurdistan, The American University of Iraq – Sulaimani, Komar University of Science and Technology, Hawler Private University for Science and Technology, List of populated places in Kurdistan Region, "Kurdistan: Constitution of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region", "A Reading for the Law of Protecting Components in Kurdistan", "Iraq: Information on the treatment of atheists and apostates by society and authorities in Erbil; state protection available (2013-September 2016)", "Kurdistan, the only government in Middle East that recognizes religious diversity", "Country Information and Guidance Iraq: Religious minorities", "Demographic Survey - Kurdistan Region of Iraq", "Şandeke Herêma Kurdistanê serdana Bexdayê dike", "New Iraqi flag hailed as symbolic break with past", "Absence of Iraqi flag on Talabani's casket in ceremony was unintentional: PUK official", "Foreign Ministry of Jordan: put the flag of the Kurdistan region instead of the Iraqi flag during the reception of Barzani error protocol", "Kurdish Agreement Signals New U.S. Girls and women receive conflicting and inaccurate messages from media campaigns and medical personnel on its consequences. Each governorate has a capital city, while districts and sub-districts have 'district centers'. In 2015, the Kurdistan Regional Government enacted a law to formally protect religious minorities. Kurdish authorities expelled hundreds of Arab families from the city, demolishing their homes in the process. The Kurdistan Region largely escaped the privations of the last years of Saddam Hussein's rule and the chaos that followed his ouster in 2003, and built a parliamentary democracy with better economic performance than the rest of Iraq. The Tigris river enters Iraqi Kurdistan from Turkish Kurdistan. [41] In the aftermath of the elections, Gorran failed at its attempts to persuade the Kurdistan Islamic Group and Kurdistan Islamic Union to leave the Kurdistan List, provoking both KDP and PUK. The two parties agreed to form the first Kurdish cabinet led by PUK politician Fuad Masum as Prime Minister in July 1992 and the main focus of the new cabinet was to mitigate the effect of the American-led sanctions on Iraq and to prevent internal Kurdish skirmishes. The KRG website indicates the following requirements to obtain a short-term residency card: 1. [56] According to some estimates, the debt of the Kurdish government reached $18 billion by January 2016. Due to Qasim's profound distrust of the Iraqi Army, which he purposely failed to adequately arm (in fact, Qasim implemented a policy of ammunition rationing), Qasim's government was not able to subdue the insurrection. [34], The anarchy in Kurdistan during the war created an opportunity for the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), which created bases in the northern mountainous areas of the Kurdistan Region,[35][36] which still operates in the Region in the 2010s with frequent calls for withdrawal. [50], Disputed internal Kurdish–Iraqi boundaries have been a core concern for Arabs and Kurds, especially since US invasion and political restructuring in 2003. Barzani agreed to the ceasefire and fired the radicals from the party. [109][110], While Kurdish forces held the city of Kirkuk, Kurdish authorities attempted to Kurdify the city. A peace plan was announced in March 1970 and provided for broader Kurdish autonomy. The one-party rule which had dominated Iraq however meant that the new assembly was an overall component of Baghdad's central government; the Kurdish authority was installed by Baghdad and no multi-party system had been inaugurated in Iraqi Kurdistan, and as such the local population enjoyed no particular democratic freedom denied to the rest of the country. "Iraq says expects Exxon to finish West Qurna Sale by December", "Iraqi Kurds open 40 new oil sites to foreign investors", Official statements on the oil and gas sector in the Kurdistan region, "First Shipment of Kurdistan Crude Arrives in Turkey", "British Use of Statistics in the Iraqi Kurdish Question (1919–1932)", "Minorities in Iraq: Memory, Identity and Challenges", "Iraq's Yezidis: A Religious and Ethnic Minority Group Faces Repression and Assimilation", "Zoroastrianism in Iraq seeks official recognition", "Hopes for Zoroastrianism revival in Kurdistan as first temple opens its doors", "Regarding Jewish status, and lack of populations in the Kurdistan Region", "Publicity seeking Kurdish official brings back memories of Jewish Kurd aliya fiasco", "Urgent reconstruction needed for returning Iraqi refugees: IOM", "Opening Ceremony of The 1st International Scientific Conference – UOZ 2013", "Trends in human capital formation in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq", "Iraqi Kurdistan: Journalists Under Threat", "Abusing Patients | Human Rights Watch (Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) section)", "IRAQ: Iraqi Kurdistan Confronts Female Genital Mutilation", Rudaw in English The Happening: Latest News and Multimedia about Kurdistan, Iraq and the World – Kurdistan Takes Measures Against Gender-Based Violence, "Human Rights Watch lauds FGM law in Iraqi Kurdistan", "KRG looks to enhance protection of women, children", Iraqi Kurdistan: Law Banning FGM Not Being Enforced, "British MP hails Iraqi Kurdistan as regional leader in religioustolerance", "Contested Control: The Future of Security in Iraq's Nineveh Plain", "Kurdish Tribes Stealing Assyrian Christian Lands", "Iraq: Kirkuk Security Forces Expel Displaced Turkmen", "KRG: Kurdish Forces Ejecting Arabs In Kirkuk", "Uncertain Refuge, Dangerous Return: Iraq's Uprooted Minorities", "Iraqi Kurdistan: Christian Demonstration Blocked", "Iraq/Kurdistan Region: Men, Boys Who Fled ISIS Detained", "Kurdistan Region of Iraq: 32 Arrested at Peaceful Protest", "Kurdish Referendum May Imperil Christian and Minority Safe Haven in Iraq", "Testimony for the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom Religious Minorities' Fight to Remain in Iraq", "How the U.S.-Favored Kurds Abandoned the Yazidis when ISIS Attacked", "Iraq federal, Kurd region oil chiefs informally agree on exports", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Region&oldid=1021021703, States and territories established in 1992, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with bad settlement type, Articles containing Kurdish-language text, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 May 2021, at 13:17. Regional autonomy had originally been established in 1970 with the creation of the Kurdish Autonomous Region following the agreement of an Autonomy Accord between the government of Iraq and leaders of the Iraqi Kurdish community. Après le triomphe du oui lors du référendum sur l’indépendance organisé le 25 septembre dans le Kurdistan irakien, les médias israéliens, arabes, iraniens et turcs se demandent quel impact aura cet événement sur la carte de la région. [105], In February 2016, Kurdish president Barzani stated once again that "Now the time is ripe for the people of Kurdistan to decide their future through a referendum", supporting an independence referendum and citing similar referenda in Scotland, Catalonia and Quebec. [14], Bird species include, the see-see partridge, Menetries's warbler, western jackdaw, Red-billed chough, hooded crow, European nightjar, rufous-tailed scrub robin, masked shrike and the pale rockfinch.
Concert Cet été, Déclaration Impôt Personne Physique, Une Promesse Définition, Randonnée Calanques 2 Jours, Perte D'un Bébé Pendant La Grossesse, Discovery Channel En Direct, Légalisation Des Documents, Sesame Chicken Recette, à Paraître Sidonis,