The new mosque, containing the tomb of Muhammad, is one of the three holiest places of Islam. The mosque was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 746 and rebuilt by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754. The bridge would have spanned the street running just outside the southern wall of the Haram al-Sharif to give direct access to the mosque. In 1033, there was another earthquake, severely damaging the mosque. Israel has long sought to change the status of the Al Aqsa complex. [41][42], On 28 September 2000, then-opposition leader of Israel Ariel Sharon and members of the Likud Party, along with 1,000 armed guards, visited the al-Aqsa compound; a large group of Palestinians went to protest the visit. With more restrictions placed on Palestinian access to the compound and ongoing calls by Israeli religious groups to allow Jews to pray at the site, many Palestinians fear a possible division of the compound. [25], Jerusalem was captured by the Crusaders in 1099, during the First Crusade. It was crowned with a balustrade consisting of arcades and small columns. A year later, protests also erupted after visits by groups of Jewish settlers to the compound during the last 10 days of Islam’s holy month of Ramadan, in contravention of tradition. When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, they used the mosque as a palace and the Dome of the Rock as a church, but its function as a mosque was restored after its recapture by Saladin in 1187. [22], After the Ayyubids under the leadership of Saladin reconquered Jerusalem following the siege of 1187, several repairs and renovations were undertaken at al-Aqsa Mosque. The arches were decorated with gold and green-tinted gypsum and their timber tie beams were replaced with brass. [21], In contrast, Creswell, while referring to the Aphrodito Papyri, claims that Abd al-Malik's son, al-Walid I, reconstructed the Aqsa Mosque over a period of six months to a year, using workers from Damascus. In 1119, it was transformed into the headquarters of the Templar Knights. That procedure ended when the Second Intifada began. The outer arches added by the Mamluks follow the same general design. Up Next. [50], The facade of the mosque was built in 1065 CE on the instructions of the Fatimid caliph al-Mustansir Billah. [2], The covered mosque building was originally a small prayer house erected by Umar, the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, but was rebuilt and expanded by the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik and finished by his son al-Walid in 705. Sheikh Ali Al Abbasi, The visit sparked a five-year uprising by the Palestinians, commonly referred to as the al-Aqsa Intifada, though some commentators, citing subsequent speeches by PA officials, particularly Imad Falouji and Arafat himself, claim that the Intifada had been planned months in advance, as early as July upon Yasser Arafat's return from Camp David talks. That was the picture inside the al-Aqsa Mosque a few year ago after Mahmoud Abbas demanded that Arabs protect the sanctity of the al-Aqsa Mosque when he first used the video he made, the same video which was released again just over two weeks ago on July 19 in our article Rebroadcast of Abbas is Declaration of War where we warned that another round of violence was being readied. The central bays of the porch were built by the Knights Templar during the First Crusade,[dubious – discuss] but Saladin's nephew al-Mu'azzam Isa ordered the construction of the porch itself in 1217. Israel had deployed 3,000 Israeli police and border police units around the compound. Thus, for Muslims, the Temple of Solomon that was built Jerusalem’s Temple Mount in ancient times was in fact … Al-Aqsa is the name of the silver-domed mosque inside a 35-acre compound referred to as al-Haram al-Sharif, or the Noble Sanctuary, by Muslims, and as the Temple Mount by Jews. [84] Due to security measures, the Israeli government occasionally prevents certain groups of Muslims from reaching al-Aqsa by blocking the entrances to the complex; the restrictions vary from time to time. [citation needed], During the periodic renovations undertaken, the various ruling dynasties of the Islamic Caliphate constructed additions to the mosque and its precincts, such as its dome, facade, its minbar, minarets and the interior structure. It is equally part of the al-Haram al-Sharif, or the Noble Sanctuary, however, with the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa mosque above it. [12] In Islamic tradition, the original sanctuary is believed to date to the time of Abraham.[13]. It is clear that Masjid al-Aqsa and Dome of the Rock (Qubbat as-Sakhra) are two separate buildings, and not synonymous with each other as believed by some Muslims. ", The Elements of Unity in Islamic Art as Examined Through the Work of Jamal Badran, Lost skills revived to replicate a medieval minbar, Badrans: A Century of Tradition and Innovation, Palestinian Art Court, The Furthest Mosque, The History of Al – Aqsa Mosque From Earliest Times, "The Modern History of Islamic Jerusalem: Academic Myths and Propaganda", "Top Palestinian Muslim Cleric Okays Suicide Bombings", "Thousands barred from praying in Al-Aqsa", "Israel police, fearing unrest, limit al-Aqsa worship", "Israel boosts security in east Jerusalem", "Report: Israel, Jordan in Talks to Readmit non-Muslim Visitors to Temple Mount Sites", "In the Eye of Jerusalem's Archaeological Storm", "Majadele: Jerusalem mayor knew Mugrabi dig was illegal", "Palestinians unite to fight Temple Mount dig", "In Jerusalem, Ramadan sees heightened tensions at Al-Aqsa Mosque compound", "Israel criticized for silencing call to prayer from Al-Aqsa Mosque", "Friday Prayers Draw 70,000 Palestinians to Al Aqsa Mosque", "Scores injured in fresh night of Jerusalem clashes", "The Haram al-Sharif: An Essay in Interpretation", "Suq al-Ma'rifa: An Ayyubid Hanbalite Shrine in Haram al-Sharif", "The Restoration Project of the Masjid al-Aqsa by Mimar Kemalettin (1922–26)", "From Messianic Pioneering to Vigilante Terrorism: The Case of the Gush Emunim Underground", Al-Masjid al-Haram and al-Masjid al-Aqsa as the First and Second Mosques on Earth, Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount, Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites, Temple Mount and Eretz Yisrael Faithful Movement, ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus, Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Aqsa_Mosque&oldid=1022589750, Articles with dead external links from October 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles with disputed statements from June 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Limestone (external walls, minaret, facade) stalactite (minaret), Gold, lead and stone (domes), white marble (interior columns) and mosaic, Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo, Slayers of Saleh's she-camel (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr). [22] Az-Zahir built the four arcades of the central hall and aisle, which presently serve as the foundation of the mosque. Israel has also built at least 12 fortified Jewish-only illegal settlements in East Jerusalem, housing some 200,000 Israelis, while rejecting Palestinian building permits and demolishing their homes as punishment for building illegally. In 713–14, a series of earthquakes ravaged Jerusalem, destroying the eastern section of the mosque, which was subsequently rebuilt during al-Walid's rule. INTERACTIVE: Inside al-Aqsa: A 360 tour of Jerusalem’s holiest mosque. A new cloister and church were also built at the site, along with various other structures. And, since 1967, Israel has embarked on a quiet deportation of the city’s Palestinians by imposing difficult conditions for them to maintain their residency status. However, the conflict dates even further back, to before the creation of Israel. Israel only considers the al Haram al Sharif as a mosque, which it also calls the Al Aqsa mosque, and is only one section of the wider compound. Fifteen years later, negotiation between Israel and Jordan might result in allowing visitors to enter once again. Though the mosque itself is significant for Muslims especially, Palestinian Christians have also protested against Israeli encroachment on the compound, joining Muslims in prayer outside Lion’s Gate on Friday. During this period, the mosque underwent some structural changes, including the expansion of its northern porch, and the addition of an apse and a dividing wall. Over the years, the Israeli government has taken further steps towards controlling and Judaising the Old City and East Jerusalem as a whole. The council also commissioned British architects, Egyptian engineering experts and local officials to contribute to and oversee the repairs and additions which were carried out in 1924–25 by Kemalettin. The Islamic Movement in Israel and the waqf have attempted to increase Muslim control of the Temple Mount as a way of countering Israeli policies and the escalating presence of Israeli security forces around the site since the Second Intifada. Palestinians refused to enter the compound until Israel removed the new measures, which were seen as the latest move by Israel to impose control and Judaise the city. Its use as a mosque was temporarily interrupted during the time of the Crusaders, but Muslims never gave up on Al-Aqsa Mosque until it was freed and restored to its previous use. A Hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari states that the sanctuary of the Kaaba was the first mosque on Earth, with the second mosque being Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, which is also associated with Abraham. After Israel's victory in that war, instead of the government taking control of the al-Aqsa Mosque, Israel transferred the control of the mosque and the northern Noble Sanctuary to the Islamic waqf trust, who are independent of the Israeli government. This specific verse in the Quran cemented the significant religious importance of al-Aqsa in Islam. The present-day dome was built by az-Zahir and consists of wood plated with lead enamelwork. Herod7. Rohan was subsequently hospitalized in a mental institution. However, Arculf visited Palestine during the reign of Mu'awiyah I, and it is possible that Mu'awiyah ordered the construction, not Umar. In 2015, clashes broke out after hundreds of Jews tried to enter the mosque complex to commemorate a Jewish holiday. Tensions have risen after Israel shut down al-Aqsa Mosque compound for the first time since 1969, after a deadly gun battle between Palestinian citizens of Israel and Israeli forces. Dung 4. [95] [78] For example, Sahih al-Bukhari quotes Abu Darda as saying: "the Prophet of God Muhammad said a prayer in the Sacred Mosque (in Mecca) is worth 100,000 prayers; a prayer in my mosque (in Medina) is worth 1,000 prayers; and a prayer in al-Aqsa Mosque is worth 500 prayers more than in any other mosque". Parts of this paragraph: "The Waqf Ministry of Jordan held control of the al-Aqsa Mosque until the 1967 Six-Day War. [3], The mosque is located in close proximity to historical sites significant in Judaism and Christianity, most notably the site of the Second Temple, the holiest site in Judaism. Rohan was a member of an evangelical Christian sect known as the Worldwide Church of God. Although originally supplied with water from Solomon's Pools near Bethlehem, it currently receives water from pipes connected to Jerusalem's water supply. With this in mind, al-Aqsa Mosque is a religious holy shrine to Islam, situated on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. Beneath the dome is the Al-Qibli Chapel (Arabic: المصلى القبلي al-Musalla al-Qibli); also known as al-Jami' al-Qibli Arabic: الجامع القِبْلي, a Muslim prayer hall, located in the southern part of the mosque. Aqsa Mosque / Al- -Haram Al-Sharif is the situation that prevailed up until September 2000, under which the Jordanian Jerusalem Awqaf Department exercised exclusive authority over Al-Aqsa Mosque / Al-Haram Al-Sharif, and its mandate extended to all affairs [94], In April 2021, during both Passover and Ramadan, the site has been a focus of tension between Israeli settlers and Palestinians. WHENEVER MASJID AL-AQSA IS SPOKEN ABOUT IN THE MEDIA, THEY SHOW US THE IMAGE OF THE DOME OF THE ROCK. [17] However, reexamination of the same beams in the 2010s gave dates in the Byzantine period. Referring to Trump’s intention to recognise Jerusalem as Israel’s capital, Saudi Arabia’s king said: “such a dangerous step is likely to inflame the passions of Muslims around the world due to the great status of Jerusalem and the al-Aqsa Mosque”. Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until the 16th or 17th month after his migration from Mecca to Medina, when Allah directed him to turn towards the Kaaba in Mecca. [20][22] In 780, His successor Muhammad al-Mahdi had it rebuilt, but curtailed its length and increased its breadth. [58] The design of the new minbar was drawn by Jamil Badran based on an exact replica of the Saladin Minbar and was finished by Badran within a period of five years. Four Palestinians were shot dead in occupied East Jerusalem and the West Bank, one of whom was shot by an Israeli settler. [49], Nothing remains of the original dome built by Abd al-Malik. It is used by worshipers to perform wudu, a ritual washing of the hands, arms, legs, feet, and face before entry into the mosque. As for the larger area that includes about 93% of Al-Aqsa with its terraces, domes, niches and schools, it is the “Haram al-Sharif” area, which is general and shared in the eyes of the occupation. This comes in an attempt to impose a distinction between Al-Aqsa Mosque as it is only the tribal mosque building, and considering that the sacred right of Muslims is confined to it. [84], Until 2000, non-Muslim visitors could enter the Al-Aqsa Mosque by getting a ticket from the Waqf. His grandson Prince Hussein, was at his side and was also hit, though a medal he was wearing on his chest deflected the bullet. “Palestinian youths have clashed with Israeli police who entered the al-Aqsa mosque complex in East Jerusalem. Their common originality, values and some believes has enabled most of their believers to respect and try to understand each others faith. Palestinians in Jerusalem, who number around 400,000, hold only permanent residency status, not citizenship, despite being born there – in contrast with Jews who are born in the city. In 1990, the Temple Mount Faithful declared it would lay a cornerstone for the Third Temple in place of the Dome of the Rock, leading to riots and a massacre in which 20 Palestinians were killed by Israeli police. Actually, the jihad against Israel has always been a religious conflict, as shown in detail in The Palestinian Delusion. In 2000, Israeli politician Ariel Sharon entered the holy site accompanied by some 1,000 Israeli police, deliberately reiterating Israeli claims to the contested area in light of then Prime Minister Ehud Barak’s US-brokered peace negotiations with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, which included discussions on how the two sides could share Jerusalem. At times restrictions have prevented all men under 50 and women under 45 from entering, but married men over 45 are allowed. [72], The altering of the qibla was precisely the reason the Rashidun caliph Umar, despite identifying the mosque which Muhammad used to ascend to Heaven upon his arrival at the Noble Sanctuary in 638, neither prayed facing it nor built any structure upon it. After the 1969 arson attack, the waqf employed architects, technicians and craftsmen in a committee that carry out regular maintenance operations. [22][dubious – discuss]. This site was 60 meters (200 ft) away from the mosque. [34] He hoped that by burning down al-Aqsa Mosque he would hasten the Second Coming of Jesus, making way for the rebuilding of the Jewish Temple on the Temple Mount. [31], An earthquake in 1927 and a small tremor in the summer of 1937 eventually brought down the roof of the Aqsa mosque, prompting the reconstruction of the upper part of the north wall of the mosque and the internal refacing of the whole; the partial reconstruction of the jambs and lintels of the central doors; the refacing of the front of five bays of the porch; and the demolition of the vaulted buildings that formerly adjoined the east side of the mosque. [47], The rectangular al-Aqsa Mosque and its precincts cover 14.4 hectares (36 acres), although the mosque itself is about 12 acres (5 ha) in area and can hold up to 5,000 worshippers. These colonnades lead down to near the Maqsurah (enclosure). The al-Aqsa fire is regarded as one of the catalysts for the formation of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC, now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) in 1972. The mosque was built on top of the Temple Mount, known as the Al Aqsa Compound or Haram esh-Sharif in Islam. The renovations included reinforcing the mosque's ancient Umayyad foundations, rectifying the interior columns, replacing the beams, erecting a scaffolding, conserving the arches and drum of the main dome's interior, rebuilding the southern wall, and replacing timber in the central nave with a slab of concrete. The name refers to a chapter of the Quran called Al-Isrā' (Arabic: ٱلْإِسْـرَاء), "The Night Journey"), in which it is said that Muhammad travelled from Mecca to "the farthest mosque", and then up to Heaven on a heavenly creature called al-Burāq ash-Sharīf (Arabic: ٱلْـبُـرَاق الـشَّـرِيْـف). Non-Muslims would be allowed onto the site during visiting hours, but would not be allowed to pray there. The mosque is believed to be the second house of prayer constructed after the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca. He hoped that by burning down Below are a collection of hadith relating to Al Masjid Al Aqsa: The Importance of Visiting Masjid Al-Aqsa Abu Hurayrah (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said: "Do not undertake a journey to visit any Mosque, but three: this Mosque of mine, the Mosque of al-Haram and the Mosque of Aqsa" [61], In Islam, the term "al-Aqsa Mosque" refers to the entire Noble Sanctuary. 70,000 Muslims prayed outside the Mosque on Friday the 16th, the largest gathering since the Covid pandemic, police bared most from entering the mosque. [76] Others point to the political motives of the Umayyad dynasty which led to the sanctification of Jerusalem in Islam. Israeli police said they had arrested nine people for disorderly conduct or assault as settlers faced off with Palestinian protesters in what have become nightly clashes.A Reuters reporter saw a car ablaze near a home taken over by settlers. Direct access from palace to mosque was a well-known feature in the Umayyad period, as evidenced at various early sites. While the exact early history of this term is unclear, we know that it only became common in Ottoman times, when administrative order was established over all matters pertaining to the organization of the Muslim faith and the supervision of the holy places, for which the Ottomans took financial and architectural responsibility. It was once thought that Emperor Justinian's "Nea Ekklesia of the Theotokos", or the New Church of the God-Bearer, dedicated to the God-bearing Virgin Mary, consecrated in 543 and commonly known as the Nea Church, was situated where al-Aqsa Mosque was later constructed. Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa. Sometimes the restrictions are enforced on the occasion of Friday prayers,[85][86] other times they are over an extended period of time. In May 2017, the Israeli cabinet held its weekly meeting in tunnels below al-Aqsa Mosque, on the 50th anniversary of the Israeli occupation of East Jerusalem, “to mark the liberation and unification of Jerusalem” – a move that infuriated Palestinians. Folio from a Qur'an. * Greetings from #Al-Aqsa _ Fatwa to the stationed in #Al-Aqsa _ Mosque * Brotherhood winter activity Ain Al-Helwa Camp Schieck, Robert (2008) in Geographical Dimension of Islamic Jerusalem, Cambridge Scholars Publishing; see also Omar, Abdallah (2009) al-Madkhal li-dirasat al-Masjid al-Aqsa al-Mubarak, Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyaah; also by the same author the Atlas of Al-Aqsa Mosque (2010), N. Liphschitz, G. Biger, G. Bonani and W. Wolfli, Comparative Dating Methods: Botanical Identification and. For Muslims, Islam was not a new religion in the 600s when Prophet Muhammad ﷺ began preaching in Makkah. [citation needed] The specific passage reads "Praise be to Him who made His servant journey in the night from the sacred sanctuary to the remotest sanctuary." [23] There are 121 stained glass windows in the mosque from the Abbasid and Fatimid eras. [51] It was built by the Rashidun caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab in 637 CE. [28] Saladin's predecessor—the Zengid sultan Nur al-Din—had commissioned the construction of a new minbar or "pulpit" made of ivory and wood in 1168–69, but it was completed after his death; Nur ad-Din's minbar was added to the mosque in November 1187 by Saladin. [46], On 5 November 2014, Israeli police entered Al-Aqsa for the first time since capturing Jerusalem in 1967, said Sheikh Azzam Al-Khatib, director of the Islamic Waqf. Umar replied, "You correspond to Judaism!" [18], During his excavations in the 1930s, Robert Hamilton uncovered portions of a multicolor mosaic floor with geometric patterns, but didn't publish them. Hundreds of people crowded outside Israel's embassy in Ankara and its consulate in Istanbul late on Friday, despite a nationwide COVID-19 lockdown, in protest of the violence in Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa. Over the weekend, Palestinian medics said dozens of Palestinians were wounded in confrontations with security forces at the Al-Aqsa mosque compound and in other parts of the city. [19] Persian geographer, Nasir Khusraw describes the Aqsa Mosque during a visit in 1047: The Haram Area (Noble Sanctuary) lies in the eastern part of the city; and through the bazaar of this (quarter) you enter the Area by a great and beautiful gateway (Dargah)... After passing this gateway, you have on the right two great colonnades (Riwaq), each of which has nine-and-twenty marble pillars, whose capitals and bases are of colored marbles, and the joints are set in lead. The controversial normalisation deal between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in August and Bahrain last week has brought into sharp focus the future status of the Al Aqsa compound in […] [74], Because of the holiness of Noble Sanctuary itself—being a place where David and Solomon had prayed—Umar constructed a small prayer house in the southern corner of its platform, taking care to avoid allowing the Rock to come between the mosque and the direction of Kaaba so that Muslims would face only Mecca when they prayed. Umar then prayed at the spot where it was believed that Muhammad had prayed before his night journey, reciting the Quranic sura Sad. [93] Israel denied all charges against them, calling them "ludicrous". He is sobbing for the Muslims. During the negotiations at the 2000 Camp David Summit, Palestinians demanded complete ownership of the mosque and other Islamic holy sites in East Jerusalem. [91], In February 2007, the Department started to excavate a site for archaeological remains in a location where the government wanted to rebuild a collapsed pedestrian bridge leading to the Mughrabi Gate, the only entrance for non-Muslims into the Temple Mount complex. [18] The date of the mosaic is disputed: Zachi Dvira considers that they are from the pre-Islamic Byzantine period, while Baruch, Reich and Sandhaus favor a much later Umayyad origin on account of their similarity to a known Umayyad mosaic. [92] The excavations provoked anger throughout the Islamic world, and Israel was accused of trying to destroy the foundation of the mosque. According to historian Oleg Grabar, "It is only at a relatively late date that the Muslim holy space in Jerusalem came to be referred to as al-haram al-sharif (literally, the Noble Sacred Precinct or Restricted Enclosure, often translated as the Noble Sanctuary and usually simply referred to as the Haram). All construction was ordered by the Ottoman governors of Jerusalem and not the sultans themselves. Golden 5. However, the entire Haram al-Sharif was meant to represent a mosque. [33] The mosaic decoration and the inscription (two lines just above the decoration near the roof as visible in the photos placed in the gallery here) on the spandrels of arche facing main entrance near main dome area which date back to Fatimid period were revealed from behind plaster work of a later date that covered them. Previous media reports of 'storming Al-Aqsa' referred to the Haram al-Sharif compound rather than the Al-Aqsa mosque itself. On the 14th Israeli police cut wires to speakers in minarets around the mosque silencing the call to prayer. Al-Haram Al-Maqdisy. It was first built in 709 by the Umayyads, but in 1327–28 Governor Tankiz enlarged it to accommodate more worshipers. Clerics and worshipers barred from entering al-Aqsa Mosque compound for second day after gun attack leaves five dead. Israel has been using the pretext of security to quietly continue the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians from their land. [48] Unlike the Dome of the Rock, which reflects classical Byzantine architecture, the Al-Aqsa Mosque is characteristic of early Islamic architecture. The Great Mosque (or Masjid-e Jameh) of Isfahan. Palestinians believed that tunnels were being dug under the Al-Aqsa Mosque in order to undermine its foundations, which was denied by Israelis, who claimed that the closest excavation to the mosque was some 70 meters (230 ft) to its south. Al-Aqsa Mosque, also referred to as Al-Haram Ash-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary), comprises the entire area within the compound walls (a total area of 144,000 m2) - … The capitals of the columns are of four different kinds: those in the central aisle are heavy and primitively designed, while those under the dome are of the Corinthian order,[48] and made from Italian white marble. Today, Israeli forces routinely allow groups, some in the hundreds, of Jewish settlers who live in occupied Palestinian territories to descend on the al-Aqsa compound under police and army protection, stirring Palestinian fears of an Israeli takeover of the compound. The attack, which took place on July 14, ended in the deaths of two Israeli police officers and three Palestinian attackers. Al-Aqsa is a small area within Palestine, but symbolically it is a large part of the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. The renovations also revealed Fatimid-era mosaics and inscriptions on the interior arches that had been covered with plasterwork. It was rebuilt again in 780. [54], The porch is located at the top of[dubious – discuss] the facade. Jaffa 2. Radiocarbon dating gave a large range of ages, some as old as 9th-century BCE, showing that some of the wood had previously been used in older buildings. In 706 Caliph al-Walid I destroyed the original brick buildings and created a new mosque on the site. [5][6], Although in its narrowest sense, the term "Al-Aqsa" refers to the silver-domed mosque on the southern side of the Temple Mount plaza, it has often been used to specify the entire area—including the mosque, along with the Dome of the Rock, the Gates of the Temple Mount, and the four minarets.
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