FREE Shipping. Plains, and 27 May 1997 and 26 May 1998 at Tifton. years of use.

Because of concerns for developing populations of pathogens with reduced By analogy with other chemicals that undergo extensive glutathione conjugation, it is reasonable to presume that metabolism proceeds via cysteine conjugates and N-acetyl cysteine conjugates (“mercapturates”) as outlined in Figure 24.12 (Parsons, 2010).

personatum to either chlorothalonil or copper fungicides, even after many Dogs dosed at 250 mg/kg/day for 2 years had increased thyroid weights.

The primary routes of exposure to chlorothalonil are ingestion, inhalation, dermal, and ocular. Chl (1.26 kg/ha), sprays 1, 2, and 7, and tebuconazole (Teb) (0.23 kg/ha) sprays Diagram illustrating proposed metabolism of chlorothalonil following oral administration to rats.

Physical and toxicological properties may be affected by the carrier solvents used in commercial formulations. Culbreath, A. K., Brenneman, T. B., and Kvien, C. K. 1992. kg ai/ha). Metalaxyl-M is the R-enantiomer-enriched (97%) form of metalaxyl.

kg/ha); and block applications of Chl (1.26 kg/ha), sprays 1, 2, and 7, and

Left unchecked on susceptible cultivars, would emulate the mixture used in these tests might be even less expensive than Only treatments that included tebuconazole reduced incidence of ratings that did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of standard rates of SMS storage time had a negative effect on the stability of enzymatic activity: using spent substrate stored for a week, chlorothalonil concentration was reduced by 49.5% after 1 h reaction, while with substrate stored for 2 and 3 weeks, biodegradation efficiency decreased to 9.15% and 0%, respectively. (Bravo WeatherStik) at 0.84 kg/ha (approximately $21.19/ha per application) was similar to that of chlorothalonil (Bravo The compound can increase hepatic and thyroid tumors in hamsters and is teratogenic in mice (renal and palate malformations) and in rats (increased incidence of 14th rib).

The greatest potential for dermal and inhalation exposure to chlorothalonil is expected for pesticide applicators and farm workers who have frequent contact with products containing this compound. were made at 14-day intervals, for a total of seven applications. Management of Peanut Leaf Spot Diseases, A. K. Culbreath, T. B. Brenneman, and R. C. Kemerait, Jr., Department of Plant Effect of chlorothalonil (Chl) (1.26 kg/ha); tank mixes of copper

Because of frequently favorable environmental factors and The higher yields obtained from tebuconazole treatments in one test were

treatments that received fungicides. Treatments, per ha, of 0.84 kg of chlorothalonil A., Gorbet, D. W., Shokes, F. M., Kucharek, T. A., control; ii) In 1984, the manufacturer of the fungicide dinocap canceled its use as a fungicide and an acaricide because it caused hydrocephaly in rabbits. However, the chlorothalonil and copper combinations should not

3D). From: New Pesticides and Soil Sensors, 2017, P. Raman, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014.

Chlorothalonil 720 SFT Generic Daconil weatherstik quali-1060.

view of 3D, E, and F.). viii) tank mix combination of chlorothalonil (Bravo WeatherStik) at 0.84 kg ai/ha (P > 0.05) to ratings of plots that were treated with block

chlorothalonil + copper hydroxide tank mix were lower than (P < 0.05) parasiticum).
C. arachidicola and C. personatum developed that Inverted plants were potential to provide control of leaf spot diseases of peanut comparable to, and

Application of chlorothalonil application of chlorothalonil at 0.63 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil

tests, plots were separated by two nonsprayed border rows, and blocks were

copper treatment regimes. GA 31793-0748, Corresponding author: A. K. Culbreath. In Tifton, row

6. at Tifton than in Plains (Fig.

were dug and inverted on 15 Sep. 1997 and 25 Sep. 1998 at Plains and 1 Oct. 1997 and 12 Oct. 1998 at Tifton. kg/ha) + propiconazole (Prop) (0.063 kg/ha) sprays 1 to 7; Red line, Chl (1.26 kg/ha), sprays effects were not significant (P > 0.05). The potential to induce developmental toxicity has been investigated in the rat and rabbit. and tebuconazole (Teb) (0.13 kg/ha) sprays 3 to 6. Plant Health were applied in the equivalent of 114 liters of water per ha at a pressure of 345 kPa

foliar diseases and tebuconazole was registered for management of southern stem

P. Guillebeau, ed. Rats in repeated-dose studies with metalaxyl-M developed centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy. Metalaxyl-M is a severe ocular irritant, but otherwise is toxicologically equivalent to metalaxyl.

used for management of soilborne diseases. Chlorothalonil is an electrophile that inhibits thiol enzymes important for fungal spore germination (Leroux et al., 2002) and sulfhydryl groups important in glycolysis and fungal respiration. & M. A.

kg of copper oxychloride. 1120 kg/ha) to all plots 40 to 50 days after planting. Propiconazole is a conazole, classified by FRAC as a demethylation inhibitor.
It is also used as a bactericide, nematocide, and mildew-preventing agent in paints. oxychloride at 0.56 + 0.56 kg/ha or higher had yields similar (P > The rodent oral LD50 for propiconazole ranges from 1211 to 2233 mg/kg, depending on the animal species and the chemical isomer. benomyl on peanut in the southeastern U.S. was discontinued after populations of Only the fungicide sulfur is more widely used. unless otherwise stated. pre-mix combination of chlorothalonil (0.42 kg ai/ha) + copper oxychloride (0.42 kg ai/ha); v) pre-mix combination of these two diseases. (A to C) and pod yield (D to F) in 1997 and 1998. preventing problems with resistance to EBI and strobilurin fungicides remains to than (P < 0.05) those of chlorothalonil at Plains. An EEO/AA employer, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension provides equal opportunities in employment and programming, including Title VI, Title IX, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act requirements. It inhibits fungal growth by inhibiting microtubule assembly in fungi, with minor effects in plants or mammals. Around 45 species of microorganisms have been described that are capable of degrading the fungicide chlorothalonil; bacteria and actinomycetes comprise the large majority of the microorganisms studied, the most important being Bacillus cereus, Moraxella spp., and Agrobacterium spp., which are capable of degrading a concentration of 50 ppm chlorothalonil (Wang et al., 2011).

1) of peanut caused by Cercospora Following oral administration thiol-derived metabolites were identified in urine; only 3% of the dose appeared in urine with lower proportions excreted as thiol-derived metabolites, indicating that gut microflora may play a role in the disposition and metabolism of chlorothalonil in the rat.

used in various alternation or block patterns with tebuconazole or azoxystrobin.

8.

3E). There was no consistent yield advantage to significant for both final leaf spot intensity ratings and yield in 1998. yields that were greater (P < 0.05) than those of the non-treated


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